which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system?

SCIE 206-Biology Midterm
Of the following, which is probably the most common route formembrane flow in the endomembrane system?
A.)   Golgi→lysosome →ER→plasma membraneB.)    tonoplast→plasma membrane→nuclearenvelope→smooth ERC.)    nuclear envelope→lysosome→Golgi→plasmamembraneD.)   rough ER→vesicles→Golgi→plasma membraneE.)    ER→chloroplasts→mitochondrion→cellmembraneA patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot ofblood.  In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilledwater, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directlyinto one of his veins.  What will be the most probable resultof this transfusion?
A.)   It will have no unfavorable effect as long asthe water is free of viruses and bacteria.B.)    The patient’s red blood cells will shrivelup because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.C.)    The patient’s red blood cells will swellbecause the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.D.)   The patient’s red blood cells will shrivel upbecause the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.E.)    The patient’s red blood cells with burstbecause the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.Which of the following is (are) true for anabolicpathways?
A.)   They do not depend on enzymesB.)    They  are usually highly spontaneouschemical reactionsC.)    They consume energy to build up polymersfrom monomers.D.)   They release energy as they degrade polymers tomonomersSubstrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately whatpercentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis?
A.)   0%B.)    2%C.)    10%D.)   38%E.)    100%How many ATP molecules could be made through substrate-levelphosphorylation plus oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) ifyou started with three molecules of succinyl CoA and ended withoxaloacetate?
A.)   6B.)    12C.)    18D.)   24E.)    36Which of the following are products of the light reactions ofphotosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.)   CO2 and glucoseB.)    H2O and O2C.)    ADP, Pi, and NADP+D.)   Electrons and H+E.)    ATP and NADPHWhere does the Calvin cycle take place?
A.)   Stroma of the chloroplastB.)    Thylakoid membraneC.)    Cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplastD.)   Chlorophyll moleculeE.)    Outer membrane of the chloroplastIn an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during theday, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as ametabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into oxaloacetate.The plant is best characterized as a
A.)C4 plantB.) C3 plantC.) CAM plantD.) heterotrophE.) chemoautotrophThe movement of substances from lower to higher concentrationacross a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific proteincarrier and use energy is called
A.)   Facilitated diffusionB.)    DiffusionC.)    Active transportD.)   OsmosisE.)    EndocytosisEach FADH2 that enters the electron transport system gives riseto _______ATP
A.)   2B.)    3C.)    24D.)   36E.)    38Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives riseto _________ATP
A.)   2B.)    3C.)    24D.)   36E.)    38About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essentialto life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96%of living matter?
Carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogenCarbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogenOxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodiumCarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenCarbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium
 
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
Nonpolar substances that repel water moleculesNonpolar substances that have an attraction for watermoleculesPolar substances that repel water moleculesPolar substances that have an affinity for waterCharged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules.
 
Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minutequantities.  Which of the following is a trace element that isrequired by humans and other vertebrates?
A.)   NitrogenB.)    CalciumC.)    IodineD.)   SodiumE.)    PhosphorusIn a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded toa single oxygen atom by
A.)   Hydrogen bondsB.)    Nonpolar covalent bondsC.)    Polar covalent bondsD.)   Ionic bondsE.)    Van der Waals interactionsWhich of the following solutions has the greatest concentrationof hydrogen ions [H+]?
A.)   Gastric juice at pH 2B.)    Vinegar at pH 3C.)    Tomato juice at pH 4D.)   Black coffee at pH 5E.)    Household bleach at pH 12Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of
A.)   Functional groupsB.)    Vital forces interacting with mannerC.)    Carbon compoundsD.)   Water and its interaction with other kinds ofmoleculesE.)    Inorganic compoundsHow many electron pairs does carbon share in order to completeits valence shell?
A.)   1B.)    2C.)    2D.)   4E.)    8Which of the following is not a polymer?
A.)   GlucoseB.)    StarchC.)    CelluloseD.)   ChitinE.)    DNAA molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a
A.)   CarbohydrateB.)    Fatty acidC.)    ProteinD.)   Nucleic acidE.)    hydrocarbon