What are some useful planning tools and techniques? • Forecasting, which attempts to predict what…

What are some useful planning tools and techniques? 
• Forecasting, which attempts to predict what might happen in the future, is a planning aid but not a planning substitute.
• Contingency planning identifi es alternative courses of action that can be implemented if and when circumstances change.
• Scenario planning analyzes the implications of alternative versions of the future.
• Planning through benchmarking utilizes external and internal comparisons to identify best practices for possible adoption.
• Staff planners with special expertise are often used to assist in the planning process, but the risk is a lack of involvement by managers and others who must implement the plans. For Discussion Shouldn’t all plans be supported by contingency plans?